Immune Responses to HIV in the Female Reproductive Tract, Immunologic Parallels with the Gastrointestinal Tract, and Research Implications
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Immune Cells in the Female Reproductive Tract
The female reproductive tract has two main functions: protection against microbial challenge and maintenance of pregnancy to term. The upper reproductive tract comprises the fallopian tubes and the uterus, including the endocervix, and the lower tract consists of the ectocervix and the vagina. Immune cells residing in the reproductive tract play contradictory roles: they maintain immunity again...
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Like other mucosal surfaces (e.g., the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract), the human female reproductive tract acts as an initial barrier to foreign antigens. In this role, the epithelial surface and subepithelial immune cells must balance protection against pathogenic insults against harmful inflammatory reactions and acceptance of particular foreign antigens. Two common examples o...
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At coitus, human sperm are deposited into the anterior vagina, where, to avoid vaginal acid and immune responses, they quickly contact cervical mucus and enter the cervix. Cervical mucus filters out sperm with poor morphology and motility and as such only a minority of ejaculated sperm actually enter the cervix. In the uterus, muscular contractions may enhance passage of sperm through the uteri...
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create a niche for M. tuberculosis (10). Our hypothesis could be refuted or corroborated in several ways, for example, by a case-control study of HIV-negative patients infected with tuberculosis. If this study refutes our hypothesis, the idea that sex hormones play a direct role in the immune response to M. tuberculosis would be supported. Such findings might also provide possibilities for drug...
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Inflammation of the reproductive tract of a cow occurs when the physical and functional barriers to contamination are breached or specific infection occurs. Commonly, contamination occurs at parturition and to a lesser extent at estrus. Uterine contamination following calving is common, but most healthy cows are able to clear the uterus of bacteria in the first 2 to 3 wk after calving. Persiste...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
سال: 2011
ISSN: 1046-7408
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00948.x